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A centenarian is a person who has attained the age of 100 years or more. Research on centenarians is becoming increasingly widespread with clinical and general population studies now having been conducted in France, Hungary, Japan, Italy, Finland, Denmark, the United States, and China.〔(Mental Health of the Oldest Old: The Relevance of Centenarian Studies to Psychogeriatric Research ) International Psychogeriatrics (1998), 10:1:7-9 Cambridge University Press. Published 1998. Accessed February 7, 2009.〕 Centenarians are the fastest-growing demographic in much of the developed world. By 2030 it is expected that there will be around a million centenarians worldwide.〔(Secrets of the centenarians: Life begins at 100 ) New Scientist. Published September 7, 2009. Accessed September 14, 2009.〕 In the United States, a 2010 Census Bureau report found that more than 80 percent of centenarians are women.〔(2010 Census Report Shows More Than 80 Percent of Centenarians are Women ) U.S. Department of Commerce, United States Census Bureau press release. Published December 10, 2012. Accessed December 12, 2012.〕 == Biochemical factors == Research carried out in Italy suggests that healthy centenarians have high levels of vitamin A and vitamin E and that this seems to be important in guaranteeing their extreme longevity. Other research contradicts this and has found that these findings do not apply to centenarians from Sardinia, for whom other factors probably play a more important role. A preliminary study carried out in Poland showed that, in comparison with young healthy female adults, centenarians living in Upper Silesia had significantly higher red blood cell glutathione reductase and catalase activities and higher, although insignificantly, serum levels of vitamin E. Researchers in Denmark have also found that centenarians exhibit a high activity of glutathione reductase in red blood cells. In this study, those centenarians having the best cognitive and physical functional capacity tended to have the highest activity of this enzyme. Some research suggests that high levels of vitamin D may be associated with longevity.〔(Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in familial longevity: the Leiden Longevity Study ) CMAJ November 5, 2012 First published November 5, 2012, 〕 Other research has found that people having parents who became centenarians have an increased number of naïve B-cells.〔(Blood tests 'could be used to predict lifespan' ) Daily Telegraph, UK. Published June 25, 2008. Accessed February 7, 2009.〕 It is believed that centenarians possess a different adiponectin isoform pattern and have a favorable metabolic phenotype in comparison with elderly individuals.〔(Assessment of adiponectin and its isoforms in Polish centenarians ) Exp Gerontol. 2013 Feb 5. pii: S0531-5565(13)00030-2. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Research into centenarians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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